Cinnamon: The Prevention of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum) and cassia (C. aromaticum) have a long history of uses as spices, flavoring agents, preservatives, and pharmacological agents.
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Cinnamon Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Transport
Insulin resistance is a core defect in obesity, type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome.
Many data tell that Cinnamon Extract (CE) prevents the development of insulin resistance, by enhancing insulin signaling and possibly via
the NO pathway in skeletal muscle. An aqueous extract
of cinnamon has also been shown to improve insulin
sensitivity in humans.
Previous studies reported that CE increases
glucose uptake and the glucose transporter (GLUT4) expression in adipose
cells. It has been observed that a water extract of cinnamon reduced blood glucose, plasma insulin.
Cinnamon Decreases Inflammation
Tristetraprolin is an anti-inflammatory protein and a potential
therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammation related
diseases. It has been reported that tristetraprolin may
offer partial protection against the development of insulin
resistance and diabetes.
CE rapidly induces
the expression of tristetraprolin mRNA levels in adipocytes. Cinnamon
extract treatment decreases the mRNA expression of
the inflammatory factors; improves the mRNA expression of IR, IRS1, IRS2,
PI3K, and Akt1; inhibits CD36, microsomal triglyceride
transfer protein (MTP), and phosphatase and tensin
homolog; and enhances impaired sterol regulatory
element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c expression in TNF-α-
treated enterocytes. That study suggested that CE
helps prevent the elevation of circulating triglyceriderich
lipoproteins with significant effects on intestinal
insulin resistance. Cinnamon extract reduces
inflammation-related dyslipidemia and decreases risk
factors associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Cinnamon Controls Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Decreases Proliferation of Cancer Cells
Vascular endothelial growth factor is also
a key mediator of adipogenesis in obesity and insulin
resistance. However, most current anti-VEGF agents often
cause side effects and therefore cannot be recommended
for long-term use.
Cinnamon extract inhibits VEGF-induced
endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro, sprouts formation from aortic ring ex vivo,
and tumor-induced blood vessel formation in vivo. These data suggest that procyanidin oligomers are active
components in CE that inhibit angiogenesis. Taken together,
this study revealed novel activity in cinnamon and
identified a natural inhibitor of VEGF signaling that
could potentially be useful in cancer prevention and/or
treatment.
Cinnamon Improves Glucose, Insulin, Blood Lipids, and Hemoglobin A1c of People with Type 2 Diabetes
Many studies demonstrating that cinnamon improves blood glucose,
total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in people with T2DM. It is also reported decreased fasting and postprandial glucose
due to CE. Other study reported that cinnamon lowered hemoglobin
A1c (HbA1c 0.83%) compared with usual care alone
(0.37%).
Another study concluded that the effects of
supplemental cinnamon on HbA1c values were only slightly
less than the placebo-adjusted reductions reported for
two popular drugs, sitagliptin and saxagliptin, used in the treatment of T2DM. However, cinnamon is without
known side effects and can be used to treat more than 25
times as many patients for the same amount of money.
For more information regarding the study. Please click here.
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Robert Khuc
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TIEN THANH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION COMPANY LIMITED
Email: robert@quetienthanh.com
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Website: vietnamesecinnamon.com
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